【编者按】

《山坡羊·潼关怀古》是我国元曲作家张养浩的散曲作品。本曲抚今追昔，由王朝的兴衰讲到百姓苦难，一针见血地点出了封建统治与人民之间的对立矛盾，体现出作者对历史的思索和对人民的同情。全曲层层深入，由写景而怀古，再引发议论，将苍茫之景、深沉之情和精辞议论结合，感染力极强，字里行间满是沧桑感和时代感。

今天为大家推介的四版译本分别来自叶维廉（Wai-lim Yip）、许渊冲、施文林（Wayne Schlepp）和蔡宗齐（Zong-qi Cai）。

山坡羊·潼关怀古

峰峦如聚，

波涛如怒，

山河表里潼关路。

望西都，

意踌躇。

伤心秦汉经行处，

宫阙万间都做了土。

兴，

百姓苦。

亡，

百姓苦。

Wai-lim Yip 译

“SHEEP ON THE MOUNTAIN SLOPE”

Peaks gather,

Waves in anger.

Between mountains and rivers, the T’ung Pass coils.

Looking toward the West Capital-

My thoughts all in turmoil.

Where the Ch'in and Han armies passed,

my heart is sorrow-filled.

A million palaces built and rebuilt.

Kingdoms rise,

The commonfolks suffer.

Kingdoms fall,

The commonfolks suffer.

许渊冲 译

Tune: “Sheep on the Slope”

Thinking of the Past on My Way to Tong Pass

Peaks like brows knit,

Angry waves spit.

With mountain and river far and near,

On the road to Tong Pass I appear.

Gazing on Western Capital,

I hesitate, alas!

To see the place where ancient warriors did pass.

The ancient palaces, hall on hall,

Are turned to dust, one and all.

Before my eyes,

The empire’s rise

Is people’s woe;

The empire’s fall

Is also people’s woe.

Wayne Schlepp 译

Tune: “Sheep on the Hillside”

—Tong Pass

Peaks as if massed,

Waves that look angry,

Along the mountains and the river lies the road to Tong Pass.

I look to the West Capital

My thoughts unsettled.

Here, where the Qin and Han armies passed, I lament

The ten thousand palaces, all turned to dust.

Kingdoms rise,

The people suffer;

Kingdoms fall,

The people suffer.

Zong-qi Cai 译

Tune: “Sheep on Mountain Slope”:

Meditation on the Past at Tong Pass

Peaks and ridges press together,

Waves and torrents rage,

Zigzagging between the mountains and the river runs the road through

Tong Pass.

I look to the Western Capital,

My thoughts linger.

It breaks my heart to come to the old place of the Qin and the Han.

Now palaces and terraces have all turned to dust.

Dynasties rise,

The common folk suffer;

Dynasties fall,

The common folk suffer.